In: Biology
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Gonpores are the openings of reproductive system to exterior. In male, pore on basal segment (coxa) of last (eighth) thoracopods; in female, pore on coxa of sixth thoracopods (third pereopods) [1] Coenobita rugosus has been found to be intersexual   We are building image galleries of specific body parts. If you have high resolution, clear photos that you would like to donate to this project please contact us via email: crabstreetjournal at gmail dot com Overview of the anatomy of a land hermit crab (Coenobita) References: 1 Stachowitsch, 1992Read More →

In: Food and Nutrition
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written by Kerie Campbell 2005 If you’ve decided to get rid of commercial diet completely, and go natural, here is a list of the recommended human-grade beginner foods. These are the highest in nutrition and will make a good base for adding fresh fruit, vegetables and meat too. Extra Virgin Coconut Oil (olive oil will do in a pinch) for cooking eggs, etc.Hemp seed meal (very high in HUFAs, and extremely nutritious)Spirulina (if you can get only one algae product, this alone can just aboutreplace commercial diet)Rooibos (high in many nutrients, and vitamin C)Dandelion leaf and rootFlax seed or seed mealRed raspberry leaf Add aRead More →

In: Biology
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The Cephalic shield [1] or carapace is part of the exoskeleton that covers the cephalothorax. It functions as a protective cover, hence the common name ‘shield‘. We are building image galleries of specific body parts. If you have high resolution, clear photos that you would like to donate to this project please contact us via email: crabstreetjournal at gmail dot com Overview of the anatomy of a land hermit crab (Coenobita) Photo credits: HUSO Chen Yu-Jung Stacy Griffith References: Dardanus megistos by Storm Martin 2012Read More →

In: Biology
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Land hermit crabs have two pairs of antennae. The antennae are vital sensory organs that allow Coenobita to locate the ocean, their food and to explore their surroundings. Coenobita rely on humidity in the air to aid them in smelling and locating various odors. In Coenobita Violascens the antennal acicle is fused with second peduncular segment. To capture odors, crustaceans move their antennules back and forth through the water in a motion called flicking. We are building image galleries of specific body parts. If you have high resolution, clear photos that you would like to donate to this project please contact us via email: crabstreetjournalRead More →

In: Biology
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Chela (organ) A chela /kˈiːlə/, also named claw, nipper or pincer, is a pincer-like organ terminating certain limbs of some arthropods.[1] The name comes from Greek (χηλή) through New Latin (chela). The plural form is chelae.[2] Legs bearing a chela are called chelipeds.[3] Another name is claw because most chelae are curved and have a sharp point like a claw. Also called pincer or pincher. We are building image galleries of specific body parts. If you have high resolution, clear photos that you would like to donate to this project please contact us via email: crabstreetjournal at gmail dot com Overview of the anatomy ofRead More →

In: Biology
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Coenobita possess compound eyes comprised of faceted lenses which are especially adept at picking up fine movements. The eyes are located on movable stalks and this is one of the primary ways we determine the species of hermit crab we are looking at.     We are building image galleries of specific body parts. If you have high resolution, clear photos that you would like to donate to this project please contact us via email: crabstreetjournal at gmail dot com Overview of the anatomy of a land hermit crab (Coenobita) Photo Credits: The Crab Street Journal has been granted permission by these photographers to useRead More →

In: Biology
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The gills of Coenobita and Birgus are modified for air-breathing but are reduced in number and size and have a comparatively small surface area. The branchiostegal lungs of Coenobita (which live in gastropod shells) are very small but are well vascularized and have a thin blood/gas barrier. Coenobita has developed a third respiratory organ, the abdominal lung, that is formed from highly vascularized patches of very thin and intensely-folded dorsal integument. Oxygenated blood from this respiratory surface is returned to the pericardial sinus via the gills (in parallel to the branchiostegal circulation). Birgus, which does not inhabit a gastropod shell, has developed a highly complexRead More →

In: Biology
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The land hermit crab (Coenobita) develops a water sac inside of their shell prior to a molt. As shedding of the old exoskeleton begins, this store of water is used to expand the body to stretch and increase size before the soft exoskeleton begins to harden again We are building image galleries of specific body parts. If you have high resolution, clear photos that you would like to donate to this project please contact us via email: crabstreetjournal at gmail dot com Overview of the anatomy of a land hermit crab (Coenobita)Read More →

In: Biology
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The mandible (from Latin: mandibula or mandĭbŭ-lum, a jaw) [1] of an arthropod is a pair of mouthparts used for either for biting, cutting and holding food. The last three cephalic segments, together with the three most anterior thoracic segments (all of the cephalothorax), house the external mouthparts. From anterior to posterior these are the mandibles, maxillules, maxillae and then the three pairs of thoracic maxillipeds. These are all biramous except for the mandibles and maxillules. [2] Mandibles are often simply referred to as jaws. Maxillipeds are appendages modified to function as mouthparts.  Hermit crabs are often seen grooming their eyes with their maxillipeds muchRead More →

In: Biology
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grav·id: ˈɡravid/ adjective 1. pregnant; carrying eggs or young. Land hermit crabs carry their brood inside of the shell until they are ready to be released into the ocean. We are building image galleries of specific body parts. If you have high resolution, clear photos that you would like to donate to this project please contact us via email: crabstreetjournal at gmail dot com Overview of the anatomy of a land hermit crab (Coenobita)Read More →

In: Biology
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The abdominal appendages of the land hermit crab include the thoracic appendages, pleopods, uropods and telson [1]. The thoracic appendages are used for cleaning the gills, gripping the shell, gripping a mate during copulation. The pleopods are used for brooding eggs. At the end of the pleon is the tail fan, comprising a pair of biramous uropods and the telson, which bears the anus. Together, they are used for steering while swimming, and in the caridoid escape reaction. We are building image galleries of specific body parts. If you have high resolution, clear photos that you would like to donate to this project please contactRead More →

In: General
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Written by Stacy Griffith and originally published on All Things Crabby.com Now that you’ve decided that a hermit crab is the pet for you, it’s time to make sure you are right for a hermit crab. If you know as much about hermit crabs as I did when I first purchased one, you are going to appreciate this information. I will cover the basics for setting up a crabitat (a cute name for your hermit crabs habitat). So BEFORE you run off to the pet store and pick out your new pets, print the shopping list at the bottom of the article and take it toRead More →

In: Crabitat, FAQ
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Question: Craboza asked: I want them to eat the bad things. Will they eat aphids and other bad bugs in there? Or anything that is not the crabs? I want them to keep all possible parasites out. If I can use ladybugs, how many can I put in? Where do I get them? Thank you.   Answer: Bugboy (aka King Arthur-Pod) answered: Don’t…..lady bugs are toxic, that’s the reason for the orange and black coloring. If one should die and the crabs eat it, could be harmful. Put one on the tip of your tongue, you’ll no how nasty they really are(OK so I’m anRead More →

In: Food and Nutrition
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Unfortunately I have no indications as to who may have created this list though I suspect the list came from Kerie Campbell. I know there are endless food ideas but these may help get you started. Fruity Fish & Flowers II dried calendula (about 2 tsp.) dried chamomile (about 1 tsp.) coconut chunk large papaya chunk pink flame rose bud Kibble and place in the serving dish. Air-pop about 1 Tbl. amaranth shred some dulse 1 Tbl. Flott tuna 1 tsp rolled oats large pinch dandelion root large pinch dried dandelion leaf. Kibble and place on top of the fruit dish, sort of a reverse-chutney.Read More →

In: Crabitat
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Hermit crabs are tree climbers by nature so maximizing all the vertical space in your tank will provide them with a more enriching and stimulating environment. Making use of all four walls of the tank will give your hermit crabs more room to roam and explore. Also if you use overhead lights you can provide your hermit crabs a way to get closer to the lights and warm themselves as needed. You can get very creative in making second levels with a variety of materials. Just be sure the materials are safe before placing them in your tank. Avoid metal that can rust, paint thatRead More →

In: Crabitat
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Our beloved hermit crabs are ectothermic creatures, which means they depend on the environment to regulate their body temperature. This means maintaining their crabitat at proper temperature and humidity is literally a matter of life and death. With warm summer temps comes the risk of a too hot crabitat, below are some tips to help cool down your crabbies on a blazing hot day. First remember that hermit crabs are tropical creatures so they can handle brief temperature spikes and be okay. A prolonged heat wave will be too much for them to handle. If you cool your home by opening windows and using fans,Read More →

In: General
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What’s a micro hermit crab? What’s a jumbo hermit crab? Size can be subjective and hard to define but we are trying anyway!  Our friends in Indonesia have developed two more realistic size charts based on leg length or leg span. Indonesia is home to many of different species including the large C. brevimanus. With much more data to work with the group created these new sizing charts which are more accurate. Why does size matter? When determining how much space is needed per hermit crab we need to know how large the crabs are and how large they will grow. Small crabs can beRead More →

In: Crabitat
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Originally posted on AllThingsCrabby.com this is an updated version A total tank tear down for cleaning is no longer considered necessary. If set up properly from the beginning your tank will become bioactive over time and can be kept up with minimal effort. The information below can be applied when purchasing used items that you wish to clean before set up or if you have an emergency (flood, bacteria, insect invasion) situation and need to do a tear down to deal with it. You will need to set up a temporary house for your crabs in advance of cleaning your tank to establish proper temperatureRead More →

In: FAQ
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All water that comes in contact with your hermit crab must be dechlorinated. Most cities add chlorine to their water supply. Some add chlorine and chloramines to the water. Unless you have contacted your water department and determined if they use both, you should use a treatment to remove both. In the past, it was enough to let water sit out for 24 hours so the chlorine could evaporate out. That no longer is sufficient because chloramines will never evaporate out nor ammonia. A bottle of water treatment will last for years. Stresscoat should NOT be added to your crabs water. Chlorine and chloramines causeRead More →

Emergency Hermit Crab Help

In: Caresheets, Services
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We are sorry that you are experiencing a hermit crab care emergency. Below are some links and information to our most commonly experienced emergency situations. Be aware that the site is not monitored and you may not receive an immediate response from someone if you post on the forums. It is in your hermit crab’s best interest that you read the articles linked below.. Aggressive hermit crab I purchased new hermit crabs: PPS (Post Purchase Stress) Calibrating Humidity/hydrometer Limb loss Mites or pests within crabitat Hypoaspis Mites are beneficial What is Molting? Is my Hermit crab dead or molting? Preventing overheating in the crabitat MyRead More →

Hermit crab dropped leg

In: Biology, Caresheets, General
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Please note: We’ve updated our language and PPS is now called PPDS – Post Purchase Death Syndrome as this is a more accurate name. written by Sue Latell March 8, 2006 I have belonged to the on-line crabbing community for a little over 3 years now. From day one there was discussion about the number of deaths immediately occurring after purchase. It evolved into a named syndrome: PPDS. Many “unexplainable” deaths that occurred in the time-frame from newly acquired to first post molt death were labeled PPS. Time lines wavered (anywhere from one week-up to one year), and alarmingly glossed over (in my opinion) tooRead More →

In: Biology
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‘How old’ is an oft asked question and hard to answer. Lifespan is similar. They both depend on many factors such as diet, exercise, moulting frequency, pecking order, species and availability of seashells. In this article, I will touch on a few of the factors, and finish with some hints on how to get a rough estimate of the size and age of your hermit crab. A big ‘thank you’ to Carol of CrabWorks for her permission to use her wonderful photographs, and for being such an inspiration to us all! How fast a hermit crab grows usually depends on what it eats, drinks andRead More →

In: Biology
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written by Vanessa Pike- Russell 2000, updated by Stacy Griffith The life cycle of the land hermit crab is unique. It starts by the release of eggs into an ocean tide pool, where the zoea go through a series of moults and developmental stages. A baby hermit crab zoea will be a part of plankton until it grows and starts to resemble hermit crab form. Once they have developed to maturity, hermit crabs leave their watery home, making the long journey to land to find a shell for the protection of the soft abdomen Once ashore, land hermit crabs go through a metamorphosis, developing modifiedRead More →

C. compressus surface molt. Top most leg is a newly regenerated limb.

In: Biology, Caresheets, FAQ
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The molting cycle in crustacean is controlled by hormones. Below is a snippet from a study on crustacean molting that explains the role of hormones in the molting cycle. Land hermit crabs continue to molt their entire life unlike some other crustaceans. ERNEST S . CHANGM, ARILYN J. BRUCEA, ND SHERRY L. TAMONE Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, P.O. Box 247, Bodega Bay, California 94923 SYNOPSIS In order to increase in size, arthropods must first molt (shed) their confining exoskeleton. This molting process is under the immediate control of the steroid molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE). Read the full article More articles on molting: WhatRead More →

In: Biology
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Overview of the anatomy of a land hermit crab (Coenobita): We are building image galleries of specific body parts. If you have high resolution, clear photos that you would like to donate to this project please contact us via email: crabstreetjournal at gmail dot com Click to be taken to the gallery: Chelipeds or pincers Eyes Antenna (antennal flagellum, antennular flagellum, antennule) Mandibles and Maxipellid Gills and branchial chamber Abdomen, Uropods, Pleopods, Telson Water or molt sac Egg cluster Gonopores ShieldRead More →

The Post Purchase Stress death cycle created by Mary Milhorn

In: Biology, Caresheets
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This is a (hopefully) more simplified revision of the original.  I have also created a printable calendar for tracking. Introduction: The objective of this method is to reduce the impact of physical stress by keeping the hermit crab above ground eating well and exposed to light. Both are vital to the hermit crab’s ability to recover. This is a thirty day method. While this can be accomplished in three weeks, there is no reason to rush. If you are adding new (wild caught) hermit crabs to your existing colony it is important that you do not introduce sick or contagious animals to your healthy colony.Read More →

In: Biology, Caresheets, General
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written by Sue Latel March 8, 2006 Little Billy has had 3 hermit crabs since his 12 birthday. He has a 20 gallon tank housing his 3 small PP crabs. One day when he is at the store picking up some ocean salt water for his crabs, he spots a tank containing 2 poor little Ruggies that have no water except for a damp sponge, huge pellets of food that he doubts they have even attempted to eat, and no ground cover to protect them from the 100 watt heat lamp that is shining directly on them from an open tank top. Billy has been aRead More →

In: Biology
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Exact text of the original paper by Herbst: The name Coenobita Clypeatus (usually pronounced seen-oh-bit-a cly-pe-ait-us) may be translated as “shield-bearing monk or cloister brother,” which conjures up a truer image of this often gregarious and variously cloistered resident of tropical East American shores than does “hermit crab.” But, like most common names, “hermit crab” or “soldier crab” in native parlance, will certainly endure. The animal so called belongs to a small family of terrestrial decapod crustaceans quite distinct from the marine hermit crabs. The family Coenobitidas is composed of two genera: Birgus and Coenobita. Birgus is represented by a single species, Birgus latro (Linnaeus,Read More →

In: Crabitat, General
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written by Kerie Campbell 2005 Two months ago, during deep clean, I took my largest compressus,Houdini, out of the tank, turned him over to have a look, and a red…thing fell out of his shell. I couldn’t believe it! Mites!Huge, red mites. Houdini had a few, Fifi had some, and poor Ghidra,a pre-molt rugosus, was covered with them. I was appalled. I inspect new crabs when I get them for mites, and have never seen any. The only explanation I have is that these mites, being a bright red color, must have snuck in on some of the perlatus – they are the same colorRead More →

In: Biology, General
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written by Jennifer Borgesen The fungi:  how they grow and their effects on human health. (includes related article on documentation of fungal exposure and disease relationship) Date: 07-01-1997; Publication: Heating, Piping, Air Conditioning; Author: Burge, Harriet A. Shape and structure of fungi “The fungal cell is similar to that. of plants and animals, containing all of the same organelles (nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, membrane systems, etc.). Like plants, the fungal cell is bounded by a rigid cell wall. However, while plant cell walls contain cellulose as the basic structural material, fungal cell walls contain a material that is similar to that in insect exoskeletons (chitin). MostRead More →

Booklice

In: General
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originally written by Jedediah and updated by Stacy Griffith It is impossible to completely rid your home of insects. https://www.wired.com/2016/01/just-give-up-its-impossible-to-bug-proof-your-home/ Need to identify a bug? Place it in a cup of water so you can take a clear photo of it or use a magnifying glass to inspect it. Insects Insects have six legs and three body parts that are usually clearly visible, the head, the thorax (the breast) and the abdomen. Most of them have wings, although those might not be clearly visible, some insects can hide them in a sort of pouch on their back (like earwigs) and some insects have no wingsRead More →

In: General
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written by Vanessa Pike-Russell Re-Educate before Rescue! Vanessa Pike-Russell on the importance of educating petstores about proper hermit crab careI understand that it is difficult to ignore hermit crabs in bad conditions. By buying them from pet stores you are are saving some from the bad conditions, however unless they stop selling hermit crabs altogether it is feeding the cycle. Store adds new crabs to tank Crabber takes pity on crabs and buys them to save or rescue them Store orders new crabs (Repeat) If you rescue hermit crabs from a pet store with bad conditions then you are supporting a pet store that isRead More →

In: General
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Marie Davis writes about moulting and her crabbing method: On June 17, 2000, we had the privilege of becoming hermie owners. My daughters received their first ones as souvenirs from somebody who had visited Ocean City, Maryland. My daughters, nor I, had any idea as to how to care for them properly. For this reason, I had gone to the library for books to read, to research on the internet, and I asked questions at pet stores. There was information on hermit crab care, and yet so much of it varied depending on which pet store we visited, which web site we were reading, orRead More →

In: Crabitat
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written by Rai Ahmes Relative humidity (RH) is measured as a percentage–absolute and specific humidity are NOT. If it reads in % it’s a relative gauge. RH gauges are fairly inexpensive and commonly available. Gauges measuring absolute or specific humidity are hard to find and expensive; they also read in either g/kg or g/cubic meter (or the non-metric equivalent) not %. “Actual humidity” and “exact humidity” are not measurements. Dial RH gauges are rarely calibrated properly by the time they reach your home. This is NOT the fault of the manufacturer. It is simply the way it is with this type of hygrometer whether it’sRead More →

In: General
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Cute, small and low-maintenance, hermit crabs have dug their claws into the world of pets Sevil Hunter RENO GAZETTE-JOURNAL 2/13/2004 05:07 pm Coenobita Clypeatus may be the object of McKenna Hoffs affection, but to her 4-year-old brother, Preston, it means only one thing: Yuck! I don’t like hermit crabs, said Preston, standing with his arms crossed and his brow furrowed. I probably won’t like them even when I’m older, like 5. To his 5-year-old sister, hermit crabs are the coolest and most coveted creature around town. The Sparks girl is hoping to get one for her birthday July 9. Shell wait until then because, IRead More →

In: General
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written by Vanessa Pike-Russell Recently we interviewed Amy Youngs, a young artist who has “collaborated with another artist, Matt Derksen, to design shells using 3D modelling programs.” http://accad.osu.edu/~ayoungs/prototypes.html Vanessa: What prompted you to create prototypes of hermit crab seashells Amy: I am very interested in the ways that technology interfaces with the natural world and I when I was given the opportunity to work with the new technology of rapid prototyping, I really wanted to make something that would connect with my interest in living things. I remembered owning a hermit crab and I knew that they switched shells and I had been curious aboutRead More →

In: General, Painted Shells
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Our treatment of animals will someday be considered barbarous. There cannot be perfect civilization until man realizes that the rights of every living creature are as sacred as his own” – Dr. David Starr Jordan and now, on with the show…   Crab in a cup anyone? First a bit o’ the story. I went to the pet store, the one that I LIKE, and they always have good patties, in natural shells, none of the painted. So I wander to the hermit crab tank and in the aquarium is about 16 crabs in cups, stacked on top of each other. all in red orRead More →

In: FAQ, Food and Nutrition, General
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written by Jennifer Nielsen The existence of an ocean water dish is a source of great controversy in the world of hermit crab owners. Why the importance of this type of water is rarely debated, it seems that the products used in the creation of Ocean Water are the source of much debate. Just as all hermit crab owners know not to use table salt for their crabs, there are two types of salt available for aquarium use. Fresh Saltwater as well as Ocean Water Salt, which although made of the same components have vastly different role within the world of fish keeping. A saltwaterRead More →

In: General
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Originally written by Vanessa Pike-Russell Look closely at the hermit crab environment and ask questions about the food, bedding, housing and temperature needs for your new pets. If you have never owned hermit crabs before a book on caring for hermit crabs is a wonderful resource. There is a list of hermit crab guides listed under Books in Product Reviews. Make sure that you can purchase extra shells from the shop or alternatively from a seashell shop, craft store or tourist shop. When I am selecting a crab I will ask permission to pick up and handle the hermit crabs. Slowly and gently pick upRead More →

Croaking Crabworks

In: Biology
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Originally written by Vanessa Pike-Russell, updated 2018 by Stacy Griffith If you have heard it, you would think that it sounds like something between a frog croak’s, a chicken’s clucking and something else thrown in for good measure. “The land hermit crab sometimes communicates by a whirring-chirping sound, though not too often. These noises usually have been heard during aggressive encounters in the crabs’ natural environment and are seldom heard in captivity. The only behavior observed that may resemble aggression has been when one crab shakes or rocks another to drive him from a shell the aggressor wants. Even in this act neither crab isRead More →

In: General
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Written by Marie Davis Article reprinted here with exclusive permission to Marie (ladybug15057) for use on the Crab Street Journal and, by author’s stipulations, may not be reprinted elsewhere. You are always welcome to link to this article. There is a newer product on the market called Crayola play sand. It comes in 4 vibrant colors pink, purple, green and blue which means some form of coloring additive is used. From past research I have done, I had learned that just because it is FDA, OHSA, EPA, etc. approved or within their standards, or considered safe for children does this necessarily mean it is safeRead More →

In: Crabitat, General
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Written by Vanessa Pike-Russell Hermit crabs are advertised as cheap and easy to maintain, which is not necessarily true. To keep your hermit crabs happy and healthy, you will need to provide a lot more than food and water. In this article we will give you a list of essential and optional items you need. Also you will find some info on basic care and upkeep of the tank, considerations when purchasing. This is an expanded version of the shopping checklist. 1. ESSENTIALS Glass tank with lid: A glass tank is preferred over plastic tanks, which will scratch and will not be able to holdRead More →

In: General
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Written by Michelle Stephens (Lolagranola) of Naturally Crabby The following is the raw results from a hermit crab survey that I set up over the course of one month. I invited crabbers from lots of different forums to participate and we had, in the end, over 300 participants. While this is a great number, more than I had hoped for, keep in mind that it’s not a perfect sample. It’s a sample of crabbers who are willing to go online to read about, research, and talk about crabs. There is still a significant demographic of crabbers who don’t do that. 1. How many crabs doRead More →

In: FAQ, Food and Nutrition
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Hermit crab enthusiast Jennifer Nielsen compares several brands of sea salt mix in this article. Written by Jennifer Nielsen (aka redjln) While many hermit crab owners realize the importance of providing Ocean Water to their pets, there is a question over which type and which specific product is the best. To answer this, I got Instant Ocean and Reef Crystals enriched blend by Aquarium Systems, Doc Wellfish’s Aquarium Salt, and Aquarium Salt by Jungle. I have gotten a container of Distilled Water to test the products in. Now, I will disclaim right now that I do not have access to a laboratory of equipment. AllRead More →

In: FAQ
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Special credit thanks to Wendy at Hermit Crabs R Us for compiling and sharing this list!! After mixing all ocean/sea mixes leave sit for at least 12-24 hours prior to offering to ensure that all the crystals have dissolved. Crystal Sea Marine mix Bioassy Formula The site from which I purchased this mix indicates 1/4 lb or 1/3 cup will yield 1 gallon. I found it to only be 1.016 SG when mixed this way. I tested it using 2 different hydrometers-one that was also purchased at the same site as the salt mix. I mixed it using 1/2 cup and got 1.021. (I addRead More →

In: General
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Setting up a proper crabitat can be expensive even with a 10 gallon tank and the bigger the tank the bigger the price tag for stocking it. With some planning and creativity you can upgrade to a large crabitat without going broke. This article is about ways to save money when setting up as well as some common mistakes to avoid. The first thing I can’t stress to people enough is that there are places you can shop that are far cheaper than a pet store!! A new 150 gallon tank will cost you hundreds of dollars. I bought my 150 gallon tank out ofRead More →